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Jack Baker (activist)
Jack Baker is a pioneering advocate of marriage rights for gay couples. Jack Baker was a stage name used by Richard John Baker in the 1970s to promote full equality for gay men and women. He and Michael McConnell〔Baker and James Michael McConnell, both born 1942〕 applied in Hennepin County for a license to marry, then appealed its denial to the Minnesota Supreme Court, which dismissed the claim. "Under the law at the time (since repealed) governing the () Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over appeals from state-court decisions, ''Baker v. Nelson'' reached the justices as a mandatory appeal."〔Linda Greenhouse, "Wedding Bells", ''nytimes.com'' Opinionator (20 March 2013) (available online )〕 The State argued that the marriage license issued previously in Blue Earth County proved that the "Questions Raised by This Appeal Are Moot."〔George M. Scott, Hennepin County Attorney. "Appellee's Motion to Dismiss Appeal and Brief" in the Supreme Court of the United States, page 7. October Term, 1972 (''The McConnell Files'', Full Equality, a diary; volume 2b; section III ).〕
Before the Minnesota court halted marriage licenses to same-sex couples, which were not forbidden by existing statutes,〔Anon., "Minnesota Statutes Annotated", ''West Publishing Co.'' (June 1969), c. 517.01 – Marriage a civil contract. "Marriage, so far as its validity in law is concerned, is a civil contract, to which the consent of the parties, capable in law of contracting, is essential."〕 Baker and McConnell re-applied, this time in Blue Earth County, succeeded and became the “first same-sex couple in history to be legally married”.〔 The 1972 decision "does not reach back to Baker and McConnell" since the two obtained their license and were married "a full six weeks"〔 previously. The National Archives came to the same conclusion.〔
Baker and McConnell were gay activists in the U.S. state of Minnesota from 1969 to 1980. They were invited often to appear publicly in the U.S.A. and Canada at college events, schools, businesses, churches, etc.〔See (''The McConnell Files'' ) for historical items preserved in the Tretter Collection at the University of Minnesota, specifically Full Equality, a diary; volumes 2c, 2d; section VIII.〕
==Student activism==
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